/******************************************************************************
 * include/asm-x86/spec_ctrl.h
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Citrix Systems Ltd.
 */

#ifndef __X86_SPEC_CTRL_ASM_H__
#define __X86_SPEC_CTRL_ASM_H__

/* Encoding of cpuinfo.spec_ctrl_flags */
#define SCF_use_shadow (1 << 0)
#define SCF_ist_wrmsr  (1 << 1)
#define SCF_ist_rsb    (1 << 2)

#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__
#include <asm/msr-index.h>

/*
 * Saving and restoring MSR_SPEC_CTRL state is a little tricky.
 *
 * We want the guests choice of SPEC_CTRL while in guest context, and Xen's
 * choice (set or clear, depending on the hardware) while running in Xen
 * context.  Therefore, a simplistic algorithm is:
 *
 *  - Set/clear IBRS on entry to Xen
 *  - Set the guests' choice on exit to guest
 *  - Leave SPEC_CTRL unchanged on exit to xen
 *
 * There are two complicating factors:
 *  1) HVM guests can have direct access to the MSR, so it can change
 *     behind Xen's back.
 *  2) An NMI or MCE can interrupt at any point, including early in the entry
 *     path, or late in the exit path after restoring the guest value.  This
 *     will corrupt the guest value.
 *
 * Factor 1 is dealt with by relying on NMIs/MCEs being blocked immediately
 * after VMEXIT.  The VMEXIT-specific code reads MSR_SPEC_CTRL and updates
 * current before loading Xen's MSR_SPEC_CTRL setting.
 *
 * Factor 2 is harder.  We maintain a shadow_spec_ctrl value, and a use_shadow
 * boolean in the per cpu spec_ctrl_flags.  The synchronous use is:
 *
 *  1) Store guest value in shadow_spec_ctrl
 *  2) Set the use_shadow boolean
 *  3) Load guest value into MSR_SPEC_CTRL
 *  4) Exit to guest
 *  5) Entry from guest
 *  6) Clear the use_shadow boolean
 *  7) Load Xen's value into MSR_SPEC_CTRL
 *
 * The asynchronous use for interrupts/exceptions is:
 *  -  Set/clear IBRS on entry to Xen
 *  -  On exit to Xen, check use_shadow
 *  -  If set, load shadow_spec_ctrl
 *
 * Therefore, an interrupt/exception which hits the synchronous path between
 * steps 2 and 6 will restore the shadow value rather than leaving Xen's value
 * loaded and corrupting the value used in guest context.
 *
 * The following ASM fragments implement this algorithm.  See their local
 * comments for further details.
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_HVM
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_PV
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_INTR
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_INTR_IST
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN_IST
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_PV
 *  - SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_HVM
 */

.macro DO_OVERWRITE_RSB tmp=rax
/*
 * Requires nothing
 * Clobbers \tmp (%rax by default), %rcx
 *
 * Requires 256 bytes of stack space, but %rsp has no net change. Based on
 * Google's performance numbers, the loop is unrolled to 16 iterations and two
 * calls per iteration.
 *
 * The call filling the RSB needs a nonzero displacement.  A nop would do, but
 * we use "1: pause; lfence; jmp 1b" to safely contains any ret-based
 * speculation, even if the loop is speculatively executed prematurely.
 *
 * %rsp is preserved by using an extra GPR because a) we've got plenty spare,
 * b) the two movs are shorter to encode than `add $32*8, %rsp`, and c) can be
 * optimised with mov-elimination in modern cores.
 */
    mov $16, %ecx                   /* 16 iterations, two calls per loop */
    mov %rsp, %\tmp                 /* Store the current %rsp */

.L\@_fill_rsb_loop:

    .irp n, 1, 2                    /* Unrolled twice. */
    call .L\@_insert_rsb_entry_\n   /* Create an RSB entry. */

.L\@_capture_speculation_\n:
    pause
    lfence
    jmp .L\@_capture_speculation_\n /* Capture rogue speculation. */

.L\@_insert_rsb_entry_\n:
    .endr

    sub $1, %ecx
    jnz .L\@_fill_rsb_loop
    mov %\tmp, %rsp                 /* Restore old %rsp */
.endm

.macro DO_SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_HVM
/*
 * Requires %rbx=current, %rsp=regs/cpuinfo
 * Clobbers %rax, %rcx, %rdx
 *
 * The common case is that a guest has direct access to MSR_SPEC_CTRL, at
 * which point we need to save the guest value before setting IBRS for Xen.
 * Unilaterally saving the guest value is shorter and faster than checking.
 */
    mov $MSR_SPEC_CTRL, %ecx
    rdmsr

    /* Stash the value from hardware. */
    mov %eax, VCPU_arch_spec_ctrl(%rbx)
    xor %edx, %edx

    /* Clear SPEC_CTRL shadowing *before* loading Xen's value. */
    andb $~SCF_use_shadow, CPUINFO_spec_ctrl_flags(%rsp)

    /* Load Xen's intended value. */
    movzbl CPUINFO_xen_spec_ctrl(%rsp), %eax
    wrmsr
.endm

.macro DO_SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY maybexen:req
/*
 * Requires %rsp=regs (also cpuinfo if !maybexen)
 * Requires %r14=stack_end (if maybexen)
 * Clobbers %rax, %rcx, %rdx
 *
 * PV guests can't update MSR_SPEC_CTRL behind Xen's back, so no need to read
 * it back.  Entries from guest context need to clear SPEC_CTRL shadowing,
 * while entries from Xen must leave shadowing in its current state.
 */
    mov $MSR_SPEC_CTRL, %ecx
    xor %edx, %edx

    /*
     * Clear SPEC_CTRL shadowing *before* loading Xen's value.  If entering
     * from a possibly-xen context, %rsp doesn't necessarily alias the cpuinfo
     * block so calculate the position directly.
     */
    .if \maybexen
        xor %eax, %eax
        /* Branchless `if ( !xen ) clear_shadowing` */
        testb $3, UREGS_cs(%rsp)
        setnz %al
        not %eax
        and %al, STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(spec_ctrl_flags)(%r14)
        movzbl STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(xen_spec_ctrl)(%r14), %eax
    .else
        andb $~SCF_use_shadow, CPUINFO_spec_ctrl_flags(%rsp)
        movzbl CPUINFO_xen_spec_ctrl(%rsp), %eax
    .endif

    wrmsr
.endm

.macro DO_SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN
/*
 * Requires %rbx=stack_end
 * Clobbers %rax, %rcx, %rdx
 *
 * When returning to Xen context, look to see whether SPEC_CTRL shadowing is
 * in effect, and reload the shadow value.  This covers race conditions which
 * exist with an NMI/MCE/etc hitting late in the return-to-guest path.
 */
    xor %edx, %edx

    testb $SCF_use_shadow, STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(spec_ctrl_flags)(%rbx)
    jz .L\@_skip

    mov STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(shadow_spec_ctrl)(%rbx), %eax
    mov $MSR_SPEC_CTRL, %ecx
    wrmsr

.L\@_skip:
.endm

.macro DO_SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_GUEST
/*
 * Requires %eax=spec_ctrl, %rsp=regs/cpuinfo
 * Clobbers %rcx, %rdx
 *
 * When returning to guest context, set up SPEC_CTRL shadowing and load the
 * guest value.
 */
    /* Set up shadow value *before* enabling shadowing. */
    mov %eax, CPUINFO_shadow_spec_ctrl(%rsp)

    /* Set SPEC_CTRL shadowing *before* loading the guest value. */
    orb $SCF_use_shadow, CPUINFO_spec_ctrl_flags(%rsp)

    mov $MSR_SPEC_CTRL, %ecx
    xor %edx, %edx
    wrmsr
.endm

/* Use after a VMEXIT from an HVM guest. */
#define SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_HVM                                        \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP40),                                 \
        DO_OVERWRITE_RSB, X86_FEATURE_SC_RSB_HVM;                       \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP36),                                 \
        DO_SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_HVM, X86_FEATURE_SC_MSR_HVM

/* Use after an entry from PV context (syscall/sysenter/int80/int82/etc). */
#define SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_PV                                         \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP40),                                 \
        DO_OVERWRITE_RSB, X86_FEATURE_SC_RSB_PV;                        \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP25),                                 \
        __stringify(DO_SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY maybexen=0), X86_FEATURE_SC_MSR_PV

/* Use in interrupt/exception context.  May interrupt Xen or PV context. */
#define SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_INTR                                       \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP40),                                 \
        DO_OVERWRITE_RSB, X86_FEATURE_SC_RSB_PV;                        \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP33),                                 \
        __stringify(DO_SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY maybexen=1), X86_FEATURE_SC_MSR_PV

/* Use when exiting to Xen context. */
#define SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN                                           \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP17),                                 \
        DO_SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN, X86_FEATURE_SC_MSR_PV

/* Use when exiting to PV guest context. */
#define SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_PV                                            \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP24),                                 \
        DO_SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_GUEST, X86_FEATURE_SC_MSR_PV

/* Use when exiting to HVM guest context. */
#define SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_HVM                                           \
    ALTERNATIVE __stringify(ASM_NOP24),                                 \
        DO_SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_GUEST, X86_FEATURE_SC_MSR_HVM

/*
 * Use in IST interrupt/exception context.  May interrupt Xen or PV context.
 * Fine grain control of SCF_ist_wrmsr is needed for safety in the S3 resume
 * path to avoid using MSR_SPEC_CTRL before the microcode introducing it has
 * been reloaded.
 */
.macro SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY_FROM_INTR_IST
/*
 * Requires %rsp=regs, %r14=stack_end
 * Clobbers %rax, %rcx, %rdx
 *
 * This is logical merge of DO_OVERWRITE_RSB and DO_SPEC_CTRL_ENTRY
 * maybexen=1, but with conditionals rather than alternatives.
 */
    movzbl STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(spec_ctrl_flags)(%r14), %eax

    test $SCF_ist_rsb, %al
    jz .L\@_skip_rsb

    DO_OVERWRITE_RSB tmp=rdx /* Clobbers %rcx/%rdx */

.L\@_skip_rsb:

    test $SCF_ist_wrmsr, %al
    jz .L\@_skip_wrmsr

    xor %edx, %edx
    testb $3, UREGS_cs(%rsp)
    setnz %dl
    not %edx
    and %dl, STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(spec_ctrl_flags)(%r14)

    /* Load Xen's intended value. */
    mov $MSR_SPEC_CTRL, %ecx
    movzbl STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(xen_spec_ctrl)(%r14), %eax
    xor %edx, %edx
    wrmsr

    /* Opencoded UNLIKELY_START() with no condition. */
UNLIKELY_DISPATCH_LABEL(\@_serialise):
    .subsection 1
    /*
     * In the case that we might need to set SPEC_CTRL.IBRS for safety, we
     * need to ensure that an attacker can't poison the `jz .L\@_skip_wrmsr`
     * to speculate around the WRMSR.  As a result, we need a dispatch
     * serialising instruction in the else clause.
     */
.L\@_skip_wrmsr:
    lfence
    UNLIKELY_END(\@_serialise)
.endm

/* Use when exiting to Xen in IST context. */
.macro SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN_IST
/*
 * Requires %rbx=stack_end
 * Clobbers %rax, %rcx, %rdx
 */
    testb $SCF_ist_wrmsr, STACK_CPUINFO_FIELD(spec_ctrl_flags)(%rbx)
    jz .L\@_skip

    DO_SPEC_CTRL_EXIT_TO_XEN

.L\@_skip:
.endm

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif /* !__X86_SPEC_CTRL_ASM_H__ */

/*
 * Local variables:
 * mode: C
 * c-file-style: "BSD"
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * tab-width: 4
 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
 * End:
 */
